RGM-201 · Paid Search Mastery · Module 2 of 7

Keyword Strategy: Intent Tiers × Match-Type Control

Most accounts treat match type as a single lever and let one campaign mix exact, phrase and broad. That hands the algorithm the steering wheel and blurs your data. RGM does the opposite: we control which queries we pay for, and we expand deliberately.

The model is a grid. Every keyword gets a search-intent tier and a match type, and each cell runs as its own campaign with its own budget and bids. Exact leads, phrase supports, and broad runs last as a small prospecting engine that feeds the other two.

What you will learn13 sections

1. The RGM keyword model in one minute

Two questions decide how a keyword is treated. How much intent does the query carry? And which match type are we using to reach it? Cross those two axes and you get a grid that drives budget, bids and structure for the whole account.

The principle is control with deliberate expansion. You bid hardest where intent is highest and the match is tightest, and you use looser matches as a small, fenced way to discover new winners — not as the main event. Done well, you always know which queries you are paying for, your data stays clean, and you still grow.

RGM rule. Exact gets the highest bids and budget, then phrase, then broad. Tier-1 intent gets full saturation; lower tiers get progressively less. Broad never shares a budget or a campaign with exact or phrase.

2. Map intent first

Before you pick a match type, classify the demand. Intent is how close the searcher is to the action you want. We sort keywords into four tiers and launch each tier separately so its budget and bids reflect how valuable that demand is.

Intent tierWhat the query looks likeExample (a plumber)Budget & bid stance
Very highReady to buy or book now; explicit, commercial, often local or branded“emergency plumber near me”Full saturation — bid to win, never capped by budget
HighClear commercial intent, comparing or shortlisting“water heater replacement cost”Strong budget, competitive bids
MediumResearching a problem; intent forming“why is my water heater leaking”Moderate budget, efficiency-first bids
LowTop-of-funnel, informational, weak commercial signal“how does a water heater work”Small budget — learn only, or skip

Tiering is a judgement call you make per keyword, informed by the words themselves, the landing experience and — once you have data — conversion rate. The point is that a very-high-intent term and a low-intent term should never compete for the same budget. Separate campaigns let the high-intent demand take all the budget it can convert.

To grow, brands must build mental and physical availability — be noticed by, and easy to buy for, more people in more situations.

Byron Sharp, How Brands Grow (2010)

3. Match types are tiers, not toggles

Google’s match types in 2026 all expand through close variants, so “exact” is not literally exact and phrase reaches further than it used to. That makes control the scarce resource. We treat the three match types as a tier system from tight to loose.

Match typeHow it behaves in 2026RGM tierRole
Exact [ ]Your term plus very close variants and same-meaning queriesTier 1Own the query. Highest bids and budget.
Phrase " "Queries that include your term’s meaning in orderTier 2Controlled expansion. Mine it, promote winners to exact.
BroadAny query Google judges related, steered by signals and biddingTier 3Learn & expand. Small, fenced prospecting only.

Each match type runs in its own campaign. That is the heart of the method. When exact, phrase and broad share a campaign, they share a budget and a bid strategy, and you lose the ability to fund the tight, high-intent traffic differently from the loose, exploratory traffic. Splitting them out is what gives you control over exactly where the money goes.

4. The intent × match-type matrix

Now combine the two axes. Budget and bid intensity is highest where high intent meets a tight match, and lowest where low intent meets broad. The interactive grid above is the reference: very-high-intent exact gets full saturation; low-intent broad runs only to learn.

In practice you will not build all twelve cells. You build the cells that matter for your account — usually exact and phrase across your top two intent tiers, plus one small broad prospecting campaign — and you let the matrix tell you how to bid and budget each one.

Budget priority = (intent tier) × (match tier). Exact × very-high = max. Broad × low = learn-only.

5. Structure: a campaign per cell that matters

Build a campaign for each intent-tier × match-type cell you actually want to fund differently. A common, manageable starting structure for a focused account is five campaigns: very-high exact, very-high phrase, high exact, high phrase, and one broad prospecting campaign covering your priority themes.

Resist the urge to build all twelve. Over-fragmenting splinters conversion data and makes Smart Bidding learn slowly. The test for a new campaign is simple: do I want to fund or bid this traffic differently from everything else? If yes, split it; if no, keep it together.

Name campaigns so the cell is obvious at a glance — for example Search | NonBrand | Exact | T1 | tROAS. The fixed order (channel, brand split, match type, intent tier, bid strategy) keeps the whole account filterable.

Run your own seed list through the tool below to see the tiering applied — it sorts each term by intent, assigns the match type and campaign tier, and flags negatives.

6. Broad as a learn-and-expand engine

We do not avoid broad — we fence it. Broad is the only match type that finds queries you did not think to target, which makes it a genuine discovery tool. The discipline is in how you run it.

Do not lead with broad. On tight budgets and on new account or campaign launches, broad is not launched first. Stand up exact and phrase on your known high-intent terms, get clean conversion data flowing, then add a small broad prospecting campaign once there is signal to steer it.
RGM Expert Trick
We don’t let broad match off the leash until three things are wired

Broad only behaves when Smart Bidding has real conversion values to steer by, a deep negative list to fence it in, and tracking the model can trust. Miss any one and broad is just spend leakage.

So we quarantine broad in its own campaign on its own small budget — never mixed with exact — and harvest its winning search terms up into exact and phrase every week.

WHY IT’S RARE · Everyone turns broad on; few build the three guardrails that make it pay.

7. The harvesting loop

The tiers are not static buckets — they feed each other. Broad and phrase are search-term factories; exact is where you cash in. The loop runs every week:

  1. Mine. Pull the search-terms report from broad and phrase campaigns.
  2. Promote. Any query that converts (or clearly will) gets added as an exact keyword in the matching intent tier, where it earns top bids.
  3. Negate. Junk and off-intent queries become negatives. Queries you just promoted to exact get negated in the looser campaigns so they serve only from the exact campaign.

That last step is what keeps the system clean: a query you have promoted should be paid for once, from the campaign you intended, at the bid you chose.

Apply it. A broad prospecting campaign surfaces “tankless water heater install cost.” It converts twice in a week at a healthy cost. You add it as an exact keyword in your high-intent exact campaign and bid it up, and you add it as a campaign-level negative in the broad campaign. Next week the query serves from exact at the bid you set — not from broad at whatever the algorithm guessed.

8. Negative architecture and query routing

With several campaigns chasing related demand, negatives are not just for junk — they are how you route each query to the campaign you intended. The rule of thumb: a query should be eligible in exactly one of your campaigns.

RGM Expert Trick
Our negatives live in shared lists, not buried per campaign

Junk, competitor, and irrelevant terms get added once to master negative lists applied account-wide, so a lesson learned in one campaign protects all of them.

And we mine search terms by spend-at-risk, not on a flat schedule — the campaigns burning the most budget get checked daily; the long tail waits for the monthly pass.

WHY IT’S RARE · Most accounts rebuild the same negatives campaign by campaign, forever.

9. Bidding and budgets by tier

Bids and budgets follow the matrix, not the keyword count. Exact in your top intent tier gets the highest target and the most budget because that is the demand most likely to convert profitably. Phrase sits a notch lower; broad lowest of all.

Run a bid strategy per campaign so each tier optimises on its own merit — high-intent exact can chase efficiency hard, while the broad campaign optimises gently for discovery. Tier-1 intent should rarely be budget-capped; if a very-high-intent campaign is limited by budget, you are leaving profitable demand on the table and should move money from lower tiers.

10. Brand vs non-brand

Keep brand and non-brand in separate campaigns, always. Brand converts cheaply because you already earned the demand; letting it sit inside a prospecting campaign flatters the numbers and misdirects budget. A small, protected brand-exact campaign defends your terms; everything else is non-brand, tiered by intent and match as above.

Brand defence and conquesting both start with knowing who you’re up against. Drop your Auction Insights numbers into the tool below to see which rivals actually threaten you, the move for each, and where the messaging white space is.

#1paid-search
advertiser
Case study · Keyword strategyBooking.com: relentless keyword coverage built travel’s biggest paid-search machineTotal coverage of high-intent travel queries, tiered and bid by value — the intent-first model in this module, run at enormous scale. How disciplined keyword and bid management compounds into category dominance.
RGM Expert Trick
We split brand into its own campaign, or the ROAS lies

Brand terms convert cheaply and make a blended account look brilliant. Leave them mixed with non-brand and you can’t see whether your real prospecting is working or quietly bleeding.

We isolate brand, judge it on its own, and hold non-brand to its honest number — the one that tells us if we’re actually growing.

WHY IT’S RARE · Blended ROAS is the most flattering, most misleading number in the account.

11. Launch sequence

Order matters, especially on a new account or a tight budget:

  1. Launch exact on your known very-high and high-intent terms first. This is your cleanest, most profitable demand.
  2. Add phrase on the same themes to start controlled expansion and feed the search-terms report.
  3. Once conversion signal is flowing, add a small broad prospecting campaign to discover breakout terms — with negatives and conversion-based bidding from day one.

On a small budget, you may never reach step three until the core is profitable. That is fine. Broad earns its place once you can afford to learn; it is not the foundation.

12. Common mistakes

The recurring theme: people hand control to the algorithm and then wonder why spend leaks. Lead with broad, mix match types in one campaign, skip the routing negatives, ignore intent — each one trades control for convenience, and the bill arrives at the next budget review.

13. Migration to the matrix

Most accounts arrive as one of two extremes: a broad-and-Smart-Bidding blob, or a pile of exact-only SKAGs. Both migrate the same way — carefully, without losing conversion history.

  1. Map your existing keywords to intent tiers and decide the cells you will fund.
  2. Build the new campaigns and reuse the same conversion actions so Smart Bidding keeps its learning.
  3. Move budget gradually from the old structure to the new tiers; harvest and route as you go.
  4. Retire the old campaigns only once the new tiers are stable.

Quick reference: the “good keyword strategy” checklist

The RGM keyword checklist

  1. Every keyword has an intent tier (very high / high / medium / low)
  2. Match types are split into separate campaigns — never mixed
  3. Exact gets top bids and budget, then phrase, then broad
  4. Tier-1 intent is funded to saturation, never budget-capped
  5. Broad runs small, fenced with negatives and conversion-based bidding
  6. Broad is not launched first on new or tight-budget accounts
  7. Search terms are mined weekly; converters promoted to exact
  8. Promoted queries are negated in looser campaigns to route them
  9. Brand and non-brand are separated; brand exact protected
  10. Migrations reuse the same conversion actions
Sources and further reading: Google Ads Help — about keyword matching options; Google Ads Help — about search terms and negative keywords. Tiering thresholds, budget splits and the campaign-per-cell structure are RGM analysis based on managing control-first Search accounts.
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